Notes from lesson
Early music video
An early example of a music video is St Louis Blues Bessie Smith from 1929 where the singer Bessie Smith appeared in two short reels film where she performed the hit song,
In 1930 Len Lye experimented with colour and animation with music to express the beat and create an early form of music video. this was followed in the 1940s were Walt Disney released fantasia an animation (short story) that was based around famous classical music, this was followed up by silly symphonies and Loney Toons merrie melodies.
1950s - 60s
in 1956 Tony Bennett was filmed walking along the serpentine in Hyde Park as his recording of "stranger in Paradise" played this film was then distributed to UK and US television stations later leading to him claiming he made the first music video.
Around 1960 the Scopitone a visual jukebox was invented and put out in France with short films made by French artist put on it that could be played. similar inventions followed in the US and Italy soon after.
The defining moment in music video history for creating the music video we have today came from the Beatles in 1964 "a hard days work" which was a motion picture. it laid out many segments that inspired many artists leading to todays video with a short narrative combined with performance that is still important part of a formula that makes up many videos today.
though it had impact the US TV show Monkees also played a part with a musical number in every episode that was connected to the story each one being used to showcase one of there songs.
The Beatles in 1967 then took the music video genre to new heights again with "strawberry fields forever" and "penny lane" using techniques from the film industry with reversed film effects, dramatic lighting and unusual camera angles with rhythmic editing.
Created at the height of psychedelic music period these two landmark films are amongst the first puporse made concept music video that illustratee the lyrics of the sound.
Modern Era
The key innovation in the development of the modern music video was, of course, video recording and editing processes, along with the development of a number of related effects such as chroma-key. The advent of high-quality colour videotape recorders and portable video cameras coincided with the DIY ethos of the New Wave era and this enabled many pop acts to produce promotional videos quickly and cheaply, in comparison to the relatively high costs of using film. However, as the genre developed music video directors increasingly turned to 35mm film as the preferred medium, while others mixed film and video.
1970s
Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody“ (1975) started a whole new era for using music videos as promos. The whole piece was shot and edited on videotape.
In the UK the importance of Top of the Pops to promote a single created an environment of innovation and competition amongst bands and record labels as the show's producers placed strict limits on the number of outsourced videos it would show - therefore a good video would increase a song's sales as viewers hoped to see the video again the following week. This happened when David Bowie scored his first number one in 1980, thanks to the promo for ‘Ashes to Ashes'.
1960s
1981- MTV is launched, The first video to be aired is Buggles ‘Video killed the Radio Star’. MTV marked the first 24 hour music video station.
Michael Jackson was the first artist to create the concept of the short film. A short film is a music video that has a beginning, middle and end. He did this in a small way with Billie Jean, directed by Steve Barron, then in a West Side Story way with director Bob Giraldi's Beat It, but it wasn't until the 1983 release of the Thriller short film that he took the music video format to another level.
But it wasn't until the 1983 release of the Thriller short film that he took the music video format to another level. Directed by John Landis and it cost $500,000.
Occasionally videos were made in a non-representational form, in which the musical artist was not shown. ‘Under Pressure’ by Queen and David Bowie did just this.
In 1986, Peter Gabriel's song "Sledgehammer" used special effects and animation techniques developed by British studio Aardman Animation. The video for "Sledgehammer" would go on to be a phenomenal success and win nine MTV Video Music Awards. Top of the Pops was played before the watershed and was quite censorous in it’s approach to video content, so another approach was for an act to produce a promo that would be banned or edited and so use the resulting controversy and publicity to promote the release.
Early examples of this tactic were Duran Duran's "Girls on Film" and Frankie Goes to Hollywood with "Relax" directed by Bernard Rose & White lines by Grandmaster Flash
Directors started to get involved in music videos – ‘Bad’ by Michael Jackson was directed by Martin Scorsese – 1987
Music Videos had a lot spent on them – Duran Duran ‘Wild Boys’ cost £4 million.
1950s - 60s
in 1956 Tony Bennett was filmed walking along the serpentine in Hyde Park as his recording of "stranger in Paradise" played this film was then distributed to UK and US television stations later leading to him claiming he made the first music video.
Around 1960 the Scopitone a visual jukebox was invented and put out in France with short films made by French artist put on it that could be played. similar inventions followed in the US and Italy soon after.
The defining moment in music video history for creating the music video we have today came from the Beatles in 1964 "a hard days work" which was a motion picture. it laid out many segments that inspired many artists leading to todays video with a short narrative combined with performance that is still important part of a formula that makes up many videos today.
though it had impact the US TV show Monkees also played a part with a musical number in every episode that was connected to the story each one being used to showcase one of there songs.
The Beatles in 1967 then took the music video genre to new heights again with "strawberry fields forever" and "penny lane" using techniques from the film industry with reversed film effects, dramatic lighting and unusual camera angles with rhythmic editing.
Created at the height of psychedelic music period these two landmark films are amongst the first puporse made concept music video that illustratee the lyrics of the sound.
Modern Era
The key innovation in the development of the modern music video was, of course, video recording and editing processes, along with the development of a number of related effects such as chroma-key. The advent of high-quality colour videotape recorders and portable video cameras coincided with the DIY ethos of the New Wave era and this enabled many pop acts to produce promotional videos quickly and cheaply, in comparison to the relatively high costs of using film. However, as the genre developed music video directors increasingly turned to 35mm film as the preferred medium, while others mixed film and video.
1970s
Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody“ (1975) started a whole new era for using music videos as promos. The whole piece was shot and edited on videotape.
In the UK the importance of Top of the Pops to promote a single created an environment of innovation and competition amongst bands and record labels as the show's producers placed strict limits on the number of outsourced videos it would show - therefore a good video would increase a song's sales as viewers hoped to see the video again the following week. This happened when David Bowie scored his first number one in 1980, thanks to the promo for ‘Ashes to Ashes'.
1960s
1981- MTV is launched, The first video to be aired is Buggles ‘Video killed the Radio Star’. MTV marked the first 24 hour music video station.
Michael Jackson was the first artist to create the concept of the short film. A short film is a music video that has a beginning, middle and end. He did this in a small way with Billie Jean, directed by Steve Barron, then in a West Side Story way with director Bob Giraldi's Beat It, but it wasn't until the 1983 release of the Thriller short film that he took the music video format to another level.
But it wasn't until the 1983 release of the Thriller short film that he took the music video format to another level. Directed by John Landis and it cost $500,000.
Occasionally videos were made in a non-representational form, in which the musical artist was not shown. ‘Under Pressure’ by Queen and David Bowie did just this.
In 1986, Peter Gabriel's song "Sledgehammer" used special effects and animation techniques developed by British studio Aardman Animation. The video for "Sledgehammer" would go on to be a phenomenal success and win nine MTV Video Music Awards. Top of the Pops was played before the watershed and was quite censorous in it’s approach to video content, so another approach was for an act to produce a promo that would be banned or edited and so use the resulting controversy and publicity to promote the release.
Early examples of this tactic were Duran Duran's "Girls on Film" and Frankie Goes to Hollywood with "Relax" directed by Bernard Rose & White lines by Grandmaster Flash
Directors started to get involved in music videos – ‘Bad’ by Michael Jackson was directed by Martin Scorsese – 1987
Music Videos had a lot spent on them – Duran Duran ‘Wild Boys’ cost £4 million.
2005 - Now
Napster, a peer-to-peer file sharing service which ran between 1999 and 2001, enabled users to share video files, including those for music videos. By the mid-2000s, MTV and many of its sister channels had largely abandoned showing music videos in favor of reality television shows, which were more popular with its audiences.
2005 saw the launch of YouTube, which made the viewing of online video much faster and easier. Such websites had a profound effect on the viewing of music videos; some artists began to see success as a result of videos seen mostly or entirely online. The band OK Go may exemplify this trend, having achieved fame through the videos for two of their songs, "A Million Ways" in 2005 and "Here It Goes Again" in 2006, both of which first became well-known online.
In 2007, the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) issued cease-and-desist letters to YouTube users to prevent single users from sharing videos, which are the property of the music labels. After its merger with Google, YouTube assured the RIAA that they would find a way to pay royalties through a bulk agreement with the major record labels. This was complicated by the fact that not all labels share the same policy toward music videos: some welcome the development and upload music videos to various online outlets themselves, viewing music videos as free advertising for their artists, while other labels view music videos not as an advertisement, but as the product itself.
The Internet has become the primary growth income market for record company-produced music videos. At its launch, Apple's iTunes Store provided a section of free music videos in high quality compression to be watched via the iTunes application. More recently the iTunes Store has begun selling music videos for use on Apple's iPod with video playback capability.
Napster, a peer-to-peer file sharing service which ran between 1999 and 2001, enabled users to share video files, including those for music videos. By the mid-2000s, MTV and many of its sister channels had largely abandoned showing music videos in favor of reality television shows, which were more popular with its audiences.
2005 saw the launch of YouTube, which made the viewing of online video much faster and easier. Such websites had a profound effect on the viewing of music videos; some artists began to see success as a result of videos seen mostly or entirely online. The band OK Go may exemplify this trend, having achieved fame through the videos for two of their songs, "A Million Ways" in 2005 and "Here It Goes Again" in 2006, both of which first became well-known online.
In 2007, the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) issued cease-and-desist letters to YouTube users to prevent single users from sharing videos, which are the property of the music labels. After its merger with Google, YouTube assured the RIAA that they would find a way to pay royalties through a bulk agreement with the major record labels. This was complicated by the fact that not all labels share the same policy toward music videos: some welcome the development and upload music videos to various online outlets themselves, viewing music videos as free advertising for their artists, while other labels view music videos not as an advertisement, but as the product itself.
The Internet has become the primary growth income market for record company-produced music videos. At its launch, Apple's iTunes Store provided a section of free music videos in high quality compression to be watched via the iTunes application. More recently the iTunes Store has begun selling music videos for use on Apple's iPod with video playback capability.
To further signify the change in
direction towards Music Video airplay, MTV officially dropped the Music
Television tagline on February 8, 2010 from their logo in response to their
increased commitment to non-scripted reality programming and other youth-oriented
entertainment rising in prominence on their live broadcast.
VEVO is a music video website launched by several major music publishers in December 2009. The videos on VEVO are syndicated to YouTube, with Google and VEVO sharing the advertising revenue.
VEVO is a music video website launched by several major music publishers in December 2009. The videos on VEVO are syndicated to YouTube, with Google and VEVO sharing the advertising revenue.
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